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kgyëbÛ eÞoŠ oiKwlyd KxggÙëb
AwgbÖl iwdííwd Ñotb
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Kxg xgpwkylwl P¢ßgZyêk (1835-94) AwgwËo jwZwtwZ KkËZd ÌRøwxZxkëbÛda VwK×k (1849-1925), AqtPëbÛ ÌP#cÖky (1850-98), xeÞtdwa Ìod (1854-1916), kgyëbÛdwa VwK×k (1861-1941) eÞiÖL„ Aqt ÌP#cÖky xQËld ÌRwxZxkëbÛdwËak opwcøwty, KxgZw I Mwd xlxLËZd, kgyëbÛdwËak gwlôyxK-eÞxZhw MyxZdwËUø Aqt ÌP#cÖkyk KËtKxU Mwd AwËQ„ ‘owxpËZøk owZ oiÖËbÛk dwxgK' xeÞtdwa ÌodI KxgZw xlLËZd„ ÌRøwxZxkëbÛdwa VwK×k xQËld kgyëbÛdwËak iËZwB ogøowPy eÞxZhw : Kxg, dwUøKwk, AxhËdZw, AdÖgwbK, xP¢Kk, ovMyZxmùey, oóewbK„ kgyëbÛdwËak gËtwËRøÅ GBog gøx£ßËZòk g×Zwt kgyëbÛdwËak eÞwaxiK xgKwm oºg pËtxQl„„ G^kw oKËlB D§Ö¦ xQËld xgpwkylwËlk MyxZKxgZwk Aìæ:myl xdSêËkk §wkw„
AdøeËq, ÌRwrwo^wËKwk VwK×kgwxrËZ xgpwkylwËlk xgËmn Awbk xQl„ ÌbËgëbÛdwa VwK×k Z^wËK ÌQËlk iËZw Ìþíp KkËZd„ x§ËRëbÛdwa, ÌRøwxZxkëbÛdwa, kgyëbÛdwa oKËlB xQËld Z^wk †YMÞwpy„ VwK×kgwxrk ixplwkwI Z^wËK oóiwËdk ÌPwËL ÌbLËZd„ xgpwkylwËlk ÌmÛÅ KxgZwMÞìÿ owkbw-iŠl (1879) oóeÔYê pt ÌRøwxZxkëbÛdwa VwK×Ëkk þèy Kwb¹ky Ìbgy-k (1859-84) AdÖËeÞkYwt„ þôkYyt : ‘owkbw' ÌbËgëbÛdwa VwK×Ëkk þèy, kgyëbÛdwËak iwZwk dwi„ ÌRøwxZxkëbÛdwa-Kwb¹kyk ÌZZlwk QwËb owvÆÚxZK iRxlËm xgpwkylwl Ìj mxkK pËZd Zw Z^wk KxgZwËZB AwËQ„ Kwb¹ky Ìbgy xdËRk pwËZ gÖËd GKxU Awod Depwk xbËtxQËld xgpwkylwlËK„ ÌoB AwoËd owkbw-iŠl ÌaËKB GKU×Lwxd Avm D¦ÚZ KËkxQËld Kwb¹ky Ìbgy : ‘Ìp ÌjwËMëbÛ ÌjwMwoËd/ X×lÖX×lÖ bÖ'dtËd/ xgËhwk xgpµl iËd/ K^wpwËk ÌctwI?' eÞmíxU xgpwkylwËlk DË¥ËmB DâPwxkZ pËtxQl„ xgpwkylwl Rgwg xbËtxQËld Kwk DË¥Ëm Z^wk cwgiwdZw Zw Z^wk AexkšwZ„ H Awod ÌeËtB xgpwkylwl xlËLxQËld Z^wk ekgZyê KxgZwMÞìÿ owËck Awod„
AqtK×iwk grwl Z^wk KdKw™xl KwgøMÞËìÿk x§Zyt ovÆkY DuoMê KËkxQËld xgpwkylwlËK„ DuoMêeË¢ xgpwkylwlËK xZxd ÌhwËkk ewxLk Deiwt gYêdw KËkxQËld : ‘GËoxQËl ÂcÖ MwxtËZ eÞhwZy/ dw f×xUËZ Enw, dw ÌewpwËZ kwxZ/ A^wcwËk AwËlwËK ÌeÞËi ÌiwËp M^wxa,/ K×pxkËl cyËk cyËk„' (11B ÌRøÅ 1301) kgyëbÛdwa xgpwkylwlËK gËlËQd ‘ÌhwËkk ewxL'„ gËlËQd, ‘jwpwkw Ñbg¢ßËi GB xgRdgwoy hwgxdiMí Kxgk ovMyZ-KwKxlËZ AwKÚÄ pBtw Z^wpwk KwËQ AwxotwxQl ZwpwËbk xdKU Z^wpwk AwbËkk Ahwg xQl dw„ Zwpwkw Z^wpwËK gËŠk ÌmÛÅ Kxg gxltw RwxdZ' (AwcÖxdK owxpZø)
iwBËKl icÖÖoÔbd b£ (1824-73)-I ÌRwrwo^wËKwk VwK×kgwxrËZ ÌjËZd GKoit„ ÌRøwxZxkëbÛdwa iwBËKËlk þñKËŸ ÌiNdwbgc Kwgø-Gk (1861) ew¡Öxlxe ÌaËK AwgÙx£ ÂËdxQËld„ xKìæ× VwK×kgwxrËZ iwBËKËlk ÌPËt xgpkylwËlk oiwbkB xQËlw Ìgxm„ xgpwkylwËlk eÞxZ kgyëbÛdwËak iÖˆZw ÌKgl gøx£ßMZ dt ewxkgwxkK„ kgyëbÛdwaB xlËLËQd, ‘ÌKwËdwKwËl Awxi Ìj xlxLËt pËgw, G xZxd [Kwb¹ky Ìbgy] xKQÖËZB iwdËZd dw„ ÌKglB ÌL^wUw xbËt glËZd, ÌKwËdwKwËl xgpwkylwl P¢ßgZyêk iËZw xlLËZ ewkËgw dw„'
‘hwkZy' ex¢Kwk ÌKËëbÛ xQËld ‘møwiwŠy oÖëbky' ‘oÖK×iwk f×lhÓxi' (xgpwkylwËlk gYêdwt) Kwb¹ky Ìbgy) ÌlLK-MwtK-ex¡Z Aqt ÌP#cÖky I Z^wk þèy ÌlxLKw mkuK×iwky ÌP#cÖkwdy (1861-1920, kgyëbÛdwa j^wËK exkpwo KËk glËZd ‘lwËpwxkdy'), ZwkKPëbÛ ewxlZ, ÌRøwxZxkëbÛdwa I Kwb¹ky Ìbgy, kgyëbÛdwa xiËl GKxU AwdëbËlwK xdiêwY KËkxQËld„ xgpwkylwËlk ÌoLwËd Awpµwd awKZ„ Kwb¹ky Ìbgy GKoit xgpwkylwl, ÌRøwxZxkëbÛdwa I kgyëbÛdwËak oKl xmùePPêwk ÌeÞkYwþñkÕxedy xQËld„
Exdm mZw²yËZ gwvlw KxgZwk ÌKëbÛyt cwkw xQl bÖxU: GKxU Qbô-cÛØeby ipwKwgø gw Kwxpdy KxgZwk cwkw; AekxU dgø-ÌkwiwxëUK xlxkK KxgZwk cwkw„ eÞaixUk DbMwZw iwBËKl icÖoÔbd b£; Awk x§ZytxUk hMyka xgpwkylwl P¢ßgZyê„ ewmwewxm bÖxU cwkwB gpiwd xQl owkw Edxgvm mZw²y gøwey„ GKxbËK iwBËKl icÖoÔbd b£, ÌpiPëbÛ gËëbøwewcøwt (1838-1903), dgydPëbÛ Ìod eÞiÖL; AdøxbËK ÌMwxgëbPëbÛ bwo (1855-1919), þñYêK×iwky Ìbgy (1855-1932), KwtËKwgwb (1857-1951), eÞodíity Ìbgy (1857-1931), ÌbËgëbÛdwa Ìod (1858-1920). xMkyëbÛËiwxpdy bwoy (1858-1924), AqtK×iwk grwl (1860-1919), ÌiwRwËóil pK (mwxìæeÖk, 1860-1933), kgyëbÛdwa VwK×k (1861-1941), xgRtPëbÛ iRÖibwk (1861-1942), x§ËRëbÛlwl kwt (1863-1913), iwdK×iwky goÖ (1863-1943), Kwxidy kwt (1863-1933), kRdyKwìæ Ìod (1864-1910) eÞiÖL„
bÖB
oiKwlyd KxgËbk iËcø kgyëbÛdwËak oËŠ ogËPËt NxdÅ I AwìæxkK o¹ xQl ÌbËgëbÛdwa ÌoËdk, ogËPËt Lwkwe oóeKê ÑZxk pËtxQl x§ËRëbÛlwl kwËtk oËŠ„ gøx£ßMËZk gwBËk bÖxUkB owxpxZøK KwkY xQl„
kgyëbÛ-oiKwlyd KxgËbk iËcø bÖRd xQËld eÔgê gwvlwk ÌMwxgëbPëbÛ bwo I KwtËKwgwb„ KwtËKwgwb xlËLËQd : ‘eÔgêgËŠ GKxU KlKŸ þñhwgKxg xKQÖ xbd pBl AwiwËbk Qwxrtw xMtwËQd, Ìo Kxg ÌMwxgëb bwo; iÖ£ßwMwQwt Z^wk oxpZ Ìmn owqwu pBtwxQl„ Z^wpwk AiwxtK gøgpwËk Awxi LÖg iÖˆ pBtwxQlwi„ xZxd ZLd bÖ:L Kxktw gxltwxQËld Ìj AwcÖxdK oiwËlwPKMYËK xKQÖ U‰w xbËlB Z^wpwkw LÖg hwËlw oiwËlwPdw Kxktw awËKd Ggv Zwpw pBËl eÖþæËKkI LÖg KwUxZ pt„ GKaw dwxK Kxg Aqt grwlI Z^wpwËK gxltwxQËld„' (‘Kwgø : Kxg I oiwËlwPK', AmÛØiwlw) oºgZ GB Dx£ßk lqø kgyëbÛdwa„ KwtËKwgwb, ÌMwxgëbPëbÛ bwo, Aqt grwl-oKËlB kgyëbÛ-oiowixtK„ kgyëbÛdwa ÌKwawt GËbk AxZ¢ßi KËk ÌMËQd, Zw Gkw oiøK AdÖcwgd KkËZ ewËkdxd„ ptËZw ÌoUw oºgI xQl dw„
Kwxidy kwt kgyëbÛ-AdÖkwxMYy xQËld„ kgyëbÛdwËak o£k gQk eÔxZê DelËq eÞKwxmZ Rtìæy-DuoMê (1931) MÞËìÿ ‘kxg-Kxg' dwËi PiuKwk GKxU oËdËU kgyëbÛdwËak DË¥Ëm Z^wk mÛ¦w™xl xdËgbd KËkxQËld, ÌjLwËd kgyëbÛdwa DexiZ pËtËQd oÔËjêk oËŠ„ kRdyKwìæ ÌoËdk Mhyk mÛ¦w xQl kgyëbÛdwËak eÞxZ„ Z^wk Ìmn mjøwt ÌbLw KËk xMËtxQËld kgyëbÛdwa„ ÌiwRwËóil pK (mwxìæeÖk)- oóewxbZ ‘ÌiwoËli hwkZ' iwxoK ex¢KwxU kgyëbÛdwËak gwYy xmËkwcwjê KËk eÞxZ ovLøw eÞKwxmZ pËZw„ ex¢Kwk eÞai ovLøwËZB kgyëbÛdwa xlËLxQËld ‘Mwd' (‘ZyËk xK Awk AwoËg dw ÌZwk Zky?')„ ÌbËgëbÛdwa ÌoËdk oËŠ xQl kgyëbÛdwËak ogËPËt Ìgxm NxdÅ o¹„ 1888 owËl kgyëbÛdwa oexkgwËk MwRyeÖËk ÌgrwËZ ÌMËl ÌbËgëbÛdwËak oËŠ g×Zò pt„ kgyëbÛdwa ÌbËgëbÛdwËak KËtKxU KxgZw BvËkxRËZ ZkRiw KËkd„ Ìowdwk Zky (1894) KxgZwMÞìÿxU DuoMê KËkd ‘Kxg¸wZw' ÌbËgëbÛdwa Ìod-ÌK„ ÌbËgëbÛdwa kgyëbÛdwËak DË¥Ëmø Ìgm KËtKxU mÛ¦wNêø-KxgZw xlËLxQËld„
ogËPËt xZ£ß oóeKê oÙxÄ pËtxQl x§ËRëbÛlwl kwËtk oËŠ„ ‘KwËgøk Axhgøx£ß' (‘eÞgwoy', KwxZêK 1313) eÞgË x§ËRëbÛlwl kgyëbÛdwaËK ‘AþeÄ KxgËbk AMÞYy' Axhcw xbËtxQËld„ ‘Ìowdwk Zky' KxgZwËK gËlxQËld ‘AaêmÔdø, þñxgËkwcy'„ H eÞgËB kgyëbÛdwËak ‘ÌjËZ dwxp xbg' I ‘eÖkwZd hÚZø' KxgZwk eÞmvow KËkxQËld„ eËkk gQk eÞKwxmZ ‘KwËgøk DeËhwM' (‘gŠbmêd', iwN 1314) eÞgË ‘ÌjËZ dwxp xbg' KxgZwk xgþæwxkZ oeÞmvo oiwËlwPdw KËkxQËld„ x§ËRëbÛlwl ‘Ìowdwk Zky' KxgZwk xgeÖl-Z×iÖl xdëbw KËk ‘ÌjËZ dwxp xbg' KxgZwk eÞmvow KËkxQËld-G ÌaËKB x§ËRëbÛlwËlk KwgøxgPwËkk bÙxÄ ÌgwSw jwËg„
‘Ìowdwk Zky' KxgZwk oÔË¢ x§ËRëbÛlwl AwoËl AwcøwxZôK-kÕeK-eÞZyK eÞhÚxZ KxgZwk xgkئZw KËkxQËld„ ‘Ìowdwk Zky' KxgZwËK gøŠ KËk x§ËRëbÛlwl eÞaËi eÞKwm KËkxQËld ‘GKxU eÖkwZd iwxSk Mwd (AwcøwxZôK gøwLøw)' (‘owxpZø', Awxmðd 1313)„ Zwkek ‘KwËgøk Axhgøx£ß'„
‘Ìowdwk Zky' KxgZw oóeËKê x§ËRëbÛlwËlk Awex£ ÌKwdzLwËd ÌbLw jwK„- x§ËRëbÛlwËlk iÔl Kaw: KxgZwxU ‘jwk-ek-dwB AþeÄ'„ Zwkek gwþægZwk xbK ÌaËK Awex£Kk xbK†Ëlw D¤wed KËkËQd: ‘KÚnK cwd KwxUËZËQd gnêwKwËl, mÛwgY iwËo„ gnêwKwËl cwd ÌKpB KwËU dw; gnêwKwËl cwd ÌkweY KËk„..... Zwpwk eËk mÛwgY iwËo ‘Gl gnêw xKkÕe? gŠËbËm Awnwr iwËoB gnêw AwËo„ Zwpwk eËk ‘GKLwxd ÌQwU ÌqZ' pBËZ ‘kwxm kwxm hwkw hwkw' cwd pBtwËQ! ÌqZ grB Dgêkw! ÌqËZk ‘PwxkxbËK g^wKw Rl KxkËQ ÌLlw„' ÌqZLwxd ZËg GKxU §ye„..... Zwpwk eËk GK ÌmöwËK exrlwi iwxS ‘Zky ÌgËt' AwxoËZËQ„ Zwpwk eËkB ÌbxL ‘hkw ewl'„ GkÕe Agþÿwt Aaêwu hkw ewËl ÌKpB Zky gwt dw„.....' BZøwxb„ ‘Ìowdwk Zky' oóeËKê x§ËRëbÛlwËlk iÔlKaw: ‘Aaêpyd m²oixÄ„'
Adø eËq ‘ÌjËZ dwxp xbg' KxgZw oóeËKê x§ËRëbÛlwËlk iìægø: ‘kgyëbÛgwgÖ jxb Awk ÌKwËdw KxgZw dw xlLËZd, ZwpËlI Z^wk KxgeÞxZhw gŠhwnwt xPkxbd RwRòløiwd awKZ„' ZwkekB x§ËRëbÛlwl xlLËQd: ‘GkÕe Z^wk AËdK KxgZw AwËQ„ ZwB bÖ:L pt, Ìj Z^wk ÌPlwMY GBog kZí ÌQËr AwgRêdw ÌN^ËU ÌgrwËâQd„'
owk Kaw GB Ìj, x§ËRëbÛlwl ‘eÖkwZd hÚZø', ‘ÌjËZ dwxp xbg' KxgZwk iËZw A§øaêK gwþægxhx£K KxgZwB eQëb KËkd- Ggv ‘Ìowdwk Zky' KxgZwk iËZw eÞZyKy KxgZw Z^wk AeQËëbk„ x§ËRëbÛlwl kwËtk xdËRk KxgZwI gwþægxhx£K þñâQ þeÄ A§øaêK„
GKB AxhËjwM D¤wed KËkxQËld KwtËKwgwb: ‘eÞw™lZw I icÖkZw Ìj KxgZwk eÞowb†Y, Zwpw Z^wpwkw AwËb# iËd KËkd dw„' KwtËKwgwb Awk x§ËRëbÛlwl GKB m² gøgpwk KËkxQËld„ KwtËKwgwb gËlxQËld AxhËjwËMk oÖËk: ‘Z^wpwËbk ÌoB Ìp^twxl†xl eÞai ÌmÛYyk KxgZw'„ Awk x§ËRëbÛlwl gËlxQËld: ‘xdËRk KÄKxùeZ AciZi Ìp^twxl'„
x§ËRëbÛlwl I KwtËKwgwb bÖ'RËdk KwËQB kgyëbÛdwËak AËdK KxgZw ‘Ìp^twxl' iËd pËtxQl ÌKd?- Zwk D£k ewItw jwËg Z^wËbk bÖ'RËdk KxgZw oóexKêZ bÙxÄhxŠËZ Awk Z^wËbkB oiKwlyd Kxg Kwxidy kwËtk AowcwkY GKxU xgËmönYwZôK iìæËgøk iËcø„
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Kwxidy kwt 1923 owËl ÌlLw GK eË¢ kgyëbÛdwa oóeËKê iìægø KËkxQËld: ‘xZxd [kgyëbÛdwa] Ìj kØxPk oÙxÄ KxktwËQd, BvËkxRËZ gxlËZ ÌMËl xZxd Ìj ‘Æ×Ëlk' eÞgZêK, Zwpw MhykZw I oRygZwk ZZ owd KËk dw, xiÄZw PwËp, þeÄZw PwËp dw„ Qëb, oÖk, xdLÖ^Z xil, DelwpZ xMxkËoÛwËZk KlKl cµxd, BëbÛcdÖk iËZw gËYêk qxYK ÌLlw, AwgQwtw þñËeík AwËgm GBog Z^wpwËbk iËZ KxgZwk GKwìæ AwgmøK Dewbwd„ GB†lw Dewbwd gËU Ggv AxZmt DeËhwMø ZwpwkI h×l dwB, xKìæ× ÌKgl GB†Ëlw xbtwB pÕbt exkZÚ® pt dw, Awk xKQÖ PwB„ oÖL, bÖ:L, q×cw, ZÚnäw, Awmw-AwKwáqw, Mhyk Awdëb I ZygÛ Ìgbdw GB oKl xbtw Ìj iwdg-Rygd Zwpwk GKUw RwMÞZ AxþæZòI AwËQ- Ggv Zwpwk GKUw okl ogl eÞKwËmk DeËjwMy KxgZwI AwËQ I awxKËg„'
AwoËl Kwxidy kwt GLwËd xPxpßZ KËkËQd, bÖ'kKi MyxZ KxgZw: GKxU c^wËPk MyxZKxgZw SvKÚZ; AwËkKxU gwþægZwxdhêk„ GKxUËZ ‘Qëb, oÖk, xdLÖ^Z xil, DelwpZ xMxk-ÌoÛwËZk KlKl cµxd', AdøxUËZ iwdgRygËdk RwMÞZ AxþæZòxhx£K ‘okl ogl eÞKwËmk DeËjwMy hwnw'„ GKxbËK kgyëbÛdwa VwK×k; AdøxbËK x§ËRëbÛlwl, KwtËKwgwb, ÌMwxgëbPëbÛ eÞiÖL„ x§ËRëbÛlwl KwtËKwgwb ÌMwxgëbPËëbÛk MyxZKxgZw gwþægZwxdhêk, okl, ogl, RwMÞZ AxþæËZòk kÕebwZw„ Awk kgyëbÛdwËak MyxZKxgZw QËëb-oÖËk-kËO AwiwËbk AìækËlwËKk DËdôwPd-D˧wcd NUwt„ iwdoy, Ìowdwk Zky, qxYKw, ÌLtw, MyZw™xl, glwKw, eÔkgy ÌaËK Ìmn ÌlLw ejêìæ KxgZwMÞìÿ†xlk ARoÛ KxgZwt kgyëbÛdwa oÙxÄ KËkËQd iËdwËlwËKk kÕe-ÌkLw-kO„ iwdoy-ekgZyê oiþæ gwvlw KxgZwt MZ GKËmw gQËkk Ìgxm Kwl cËk kgyëbÛdwËak ÌKëbÛyt owiÛwËRøkB xgþæwk NËU PËlËQ„
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kgyëbÛdwa VwK×Ëkk ÌowxhËtZ eÞyxZ
xbËlwtwk BgËd BDdÖo
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kgyëbÛowxpZø dwdwd KwkËY xgPwk I xgbˆ AwËlwPdw opËRB Ìmn pgwk dt„ ZËg oÖk h×Ël dwdwd KwËR NÖËk ÌgrwËdw GK owcwkY ewVËKk KwËQ AdÖhÓxZk ZygÛZwt kgyëbÛdwa ÌjhwËg AwKxþôKhwËg ÌgËR IËVd, Zw ÌjËdw xgmðdwËPk ÌKËëbÛk QËëb xdËRk pÕuþeëbd xixlËt jwItw iÖx£ßk AwËkK kÕe„
xVK KËZwLwxd AwËlwKwxhowky kgyëbÛdwa? AwËlwk ZÚnäwB Ìj gËrw Ìgxm eÞKU„ KxgZw, Mùe I MwËd GËZw kËOk AKwËkk þæk gYêdw-‘A^wcwËkk ÌKwdz AZl ÌbËLxQËld xZxd Ìj, AwËlwk xeewowt GËZw AwK×l pËt DVËZ pËlw?
AwËlwk xbmwky kgyëbÛdwËak xPìæwk iw¢w xQËlw Z^wk Rygd I h×gdbmêd xgmðiwdgZwËK xdËt exkeÔYê„ GKaw xZxd xdËR exkûKwkhwËg gø£ß KËkËQd mwxìæxdËKZËdk DË¥Ëm xlxLZ eË¢ : “mwxìæxdËKZd xgbøwltËK xgËmðk oËŠ hwkËZk ÌjwMoÔ¢ KËk Z×lËZ pËgHLwËd owgêRwxZK idÖnøZò-PPêwk ÌKëbÛ þÿwed KkËZ pËgþñRwxZK ovKyYêZwk jÖM Ìmn pËt AwoËQhxgnøËZk Rdø Ìj xgmðRwxZK ipwxild jËšk eÞËPÄw pËâQ Zwk eÞai AwËtwRd H ÌgwleÖËkk eÞwìæËkB pËg„ H RwtMwxUËK oiþæ RwxZMZ hÓËMwl gÙ£wËìæk AZyZ KËk Z×lg GB Awiwk iËd AwËQogêiwdËgk eÞai RtcµRw HLwËd ÌkweY pËg„”
oËìæwn K×iwk ÌNwËnk hwnwt : “RwZytZwgwb oóeËKê kgyëbÛxPìæw LÖgB þñâQ, GËZwU×K× Ìp^twxl ÌdB ÌKwawI„ RwZytZwgwb kgyëbÛdwËak owgêiwdxgK xPìæwk exkeìÿy xQËlw dw„ DuKU þñwËbxmKZw Ìj owiÛwRøgwËbk Ìowewd xZxd gwkgwk Zw gËlËQd„ gÙxUm owiÛwRøgwb, føwxoRi gw KiÖøxdRi-Gk K×xUl Pxk¢ o¹Ë Z^wk ÌKwdI oËëbp xQËlw dw„ xKìæ× ovÆwkiÖ£ß þñwËbxmKZwk eËq xZxd b^wxrËtxQËld RygËdk ogêËqË¢ og oiËt„ iwZÚhÓxik LÖg mvKyYê kÕe, RdËPZdwk oyxiZ Ìh#ËMwxlK AwKwk ÌbËL kgyëbÛdwa xmDËk IËVd„”
xgxmÄ AwËlwPK kgyëbÛh£ß Ìhwlw PË›wewcøwt Zwk ‘kgyëbÛ-iwdo' gBËt gËld, “kgyëbÛdwËak xgmðRdydZwk oËŠ Dbwk RwZytZwËgwËck ÌKwËdw xgËkwc ÌdB„ eÞKÚZeËq Ìmly dt, ItwWê ÌowtwËaêk ‘ÆwBlwKê'-Gk iËZwB gÉ EËcµê xgPkYKwËlI Z^wk bÙxÄ xdgd awKËZw þñËbËmk eÞxZ„”
iZgwb dwxK iwdÖËnk oioøwk døwjø oiwcwËdk ea gwZËl xbËZ ewËkd„ Awk Ìo RdøB, ‘owkw eÙxagyËZ jLd Ìlxdd, Kwlê xlgËdLU, ÌkwRw lÖË…igÖMê Ggv iÖxÄËit ‘xRiwkhw« gwieìÿy' xgeögykwB ÂcÖ jÖ˦k (eÞai xgmðjÖ¦) þñkÕe gÖËS oiwR xgeöËgk ea cËkËQd xd:ovmËt ZLd ipwjÖ˦k I owkwxgËmðk MxZ xdcêwkK kwRdyxZk AwgZê ÌaËK gÉ bÔËk GK gwOwxl Kxg Ìj lrwBËtk iÔl L^ÖËR ewËgd RwxZxgËmËnk RŠy eÞgÙx£k iËcø dt, gZêiwd BDËkweyt ohøZwk BxZpwËok iËcøAaêwu BDËkweyt owiÛwRøgwby oiwR gøgþÿwk xhZËkBGxK Ki AwúPËjêk Kaw!” (eÞw†£ß)„
exúPiw owiÛwRøgwËbk xdiêi mwod I ÌmwnËYk xdëbw KËkËQd kgyëbÛdwa ZËg xZxd exúPiw ohøZwk HxZpøËK xdxgêPwËk gRêd KËkdxd„ kwRdyxZK ÌM^wrwxik þñwËaê gøx£ß I ÌMwÅy xgËmËnk KwËQ ewúPwZø owiÛwRøgwb I ohøZw GK I Axhdí gþæ× pËZ ewËk, xKìæ× kgyëbÛdwa Zw ÌiËd Ìddxd„ KwkY xZxd ÌZw Ìemwbwk kwRdyxZK-gÖx¦Rygy xQËld dw„ Z^wk owxpZø oÙxÄ xgËmn ÌKwËdw kwRÐdxZK iZgwb opwtZwk LwxZËkI dt„ ZwB BDËkweyt owiÛwRøgwbËK xZxd KwVMrwt b^wr KxkËtËQd, xKìæ× exúPËik KÚxÄ I ohøZwk oÙRdmylZw, Zwk AgbwdËK AþñyKwk KËkdxd„ kgyëbÛdwa ÌPËtxQËld, eÔgê I exúPi ekþekËK RwdËg, mÛ¦w KkËg„ RygËdk ogêËqË¢ Ikw opËjwxMZwk pwZ ÌilwËg ekþeËkk oËŠ„ GK-ÌK gwb xbËt AËdøk iŠl owxcZ pËg dw, dw AwoËg GK-ÌK gxéZ KËk AËdøk exkeÔYêZw„ Z^wk bÙs xgmðwo xQËlw, eÔgê I exúPËik jw xKQÖ xPkwtZ I iŠlit, Zwk oidðËtk gÖxdtwËbB kxPZ pËZ ewËk eÞKÚZ iwdgohøZw„ G gøwewËk kgyëbÛdwËak RgwdyËZB Ìmwdw jwt : “Tjg xgv: kv pgegvvcuÖ :r :jg Ecv:. xg cug erosngogp:cuÖ :r gcej r:jgu dgec^vg rh r^u fkhhgugp: r^:nrrmv ^srp nkhg xjkej jcwg ikwgp ^v fkhhgugp: cvsge:v rh :u^:j.“ ÂcÖ ZwB dt, xZxd AwkI gËlËQd, “I o^v: pr: jgvk:c:g :r cemprxngfig xjgug E^ursg kv iugc:, hru iugc: vjg kv xk:jr^: fr^d:.“ Agmø Kxg þôkY KxkËt xbËld, “eÔgê exúPËik jxb xild NËU ZËg GKUw ipu AwBxWtwËlk DeËk pBËg„ Zwpw xdQK AdÖMÞËpk DeËk pBËg dw Ggv Kwiwd-g×K I kYZkyk DekI pBËg dw...AwiwxbMËK xdËRk mx£ßËZB eËkk mx£ßk oËŠ ox KxkËZ pBËg„”
Gk xVK Q'iwo ek kgyëbÛdwa Z^wk ‘ohøZwk ovKU'-G xgndíxPË£ glËld, “ZLd Awikw þñRwxZk þñwcydZwk owcdw Awkº KËkxQlÖi, xKìæ× AìæËk AìæËk xQl BvËkR RwxZk JbwËjêk eÞxZ xgmðwo....GB ÌMl RygËdk eÞai hwM„ Zwkek ÌaËK ÌQb Awkº pl KxVd bÖ:ËL„ eÞZøp ÌbLËZ ÌelÖi-ohøZwËK jwkw Pxk¢ Duo ÌaËK DuowxkZ kÕËe þñyKwk KËkËQ, xkeÖk eÞgZêdwt Zwkw ZwËK Ky AdwtwËo lvNd KkËZ ewËk...RygËdk eÞai Awk˺ oiþæ id ÌaËK xgmðwo KËkxQlÖi tÖËkwËek AìæËkk oóeb GB ohøZwk bwdËK„ Awk AwR Ìo xgmðwo GËKgwËk ÌbDxltw pËt ÌMl„”
IeËkk g£ßËgøk ekI GLwËdB Kxg ÌQb UwËddxd„ ÌoB ogêgøwey ÑdkwËmøk iËcøI xZxd glËld, “iwdÖËnk eÞxZ xgmðwo pwkwËdw ewe, Ìo xgmðwo Ìmn ejêìæ kqw Kkg...idÖnøËZòk Aìæpyd eÞxZKwkpyd ekwhgËK ‘Pki' gËl xgmðwo KkwËK Awxi Aekwc gËl iËd Kxk„”
eÞhwZ K×iwk iÖËLwewcøwt-Gk ‘kgyëbÛ-Rygdy' ÌaËK Rwdw jwt, 1926 owËl mwxìæxdËKZËd RËdôwuoËgk KËtK xbd eËk 12 Ìi kgyëbÛdwa xgËbm ofËkk DË¥Ëm hwkZ ZøwM KËkd„ ejêwt¢ßËi xZxd BZwxl, oÖBRwkløw«, AxýUÛtw, fÝwëo, Bvløw«, dkIËt, oÖBËWd, ÌWdiwKê, Rwiêwxd, ÌPËKwËþöwhwxKtw, pwËŠxk, jÖËMwþöwxhtw, gÖlËMxktw, Ìkwiwxdtw, Z×kÆ, MÞyo, ximk Ggv ogêËmn ÌowxhËtZ kwxmtw Agþÿwd ÌmËn xWËo¹Ëk ÌbËm ÌfËkd„
Gog ÌbËm ofkKwËl kgyëbÛdwaËK ogËP' Ìgxm oóiwd eÞbmêd Kkw pt Ìkwiwxdtw, ÌPËKwËþöwhwxKtw, jÖËMwþöwxhtw I gÖlËMxktwt„ xKìæ× iRwk gøwewk pËlw-GËZwxKQÖk ekI Gog ÌbËmk hwgbmêd Z^wËK AwKÚÄ KkËZ ewËkxd„ xZxd SÖ^ËK eËrd ÌowxhËtZ kwxmtwk oiwR gøgþÿwk xbËK„ føwxoRi oóeËKê kgyëbÛdwa Gk g£ßgø : “iwdg BxZpwËo føwxoRËik KlvK eÞËle Awk opø pt dw„”
AdøxbËK, xgeög-D£k kØm oiwR oóeËKê 1926-G ‘kwtËZk Kaw'-t xZxd xlLËld, “kwxmtwk RwkZìè I glËmxhKZìè AwËlwk iÖL ÌbLËZ ÂkØ KËkËQ„” kwxmtwk xPxVËZ kgyëbÛdwa DËlöL KkËld, “iwdÖËnk gøxÄMZ I oixÄMZ oyiw Gkw ÌbxkËZ pËlI gÖSËZ ÌeËkËQ„ Ìo xpowËg Gkw føwxoýUËbk iËZw dt„” kØmyt owiRgøgþÿw oóeËKê xZxd oZKêhwËg oeÞmvow AwËkw AËdK Dx£ß KËkËQdjÖMUw ZLd (xPËdôwpd Ìopwdgym-Gk iËZ) 'Grf :jc: Fckngf'Gk eÔgêgZyê„ ÌowxhËtZ ¸iY Ìj kgyëbÛdwËak iËdk Iek xgkwU eÞhwg xgþæwk KËkxQËlw, Ìo xgnËt ÌKwËdw oËëbp ÌdB„ G ¸iËYk fËl kwxmtwk oiwRoËZøk AwËkw MhyËk eÞËgm KkËld kgyëbÛdwa„ Gk oZøwoZø xgPwk Kkw KxVd, ZËg 1931-G Kxg Z^wk Ìb#xp¢ dyZyëbÛdwaËK xlxLZ eË¢ gËld, “ ÌjLwËd iwdÖn bÖgêl, ÌoB LwËdB Ìjid iwkyorK ÌRwk ewt ÌZixd AwRKwlKwk tÖËkwËe bÖxhêq jZB QxrËt erËP ZZB føwxoRi Ggv glËmxhRi ÌRwk ÌeËt DVËP„ bÖËUwB AþñwËþÿøk lqY...Awk jwB Kxko GBog iwdÖnËLËMw bËlk oËŠ Lgkbwk xixmo Ìd„ ZËg ÌowxhËtZ kwxmtwk ÌPwL Kwd ÌLwlw„ GËbk oiwR ohøZw GLd Ìgm eÞmþæ„” (kgyìèdwa VwK×k, ÌMwkw, 1965, eÙ. 25)
kgyëbÛdwËak ÌowxhËtZ kwxmtwk eÞxZ GkÕe bÖgêlZw eÞKwmÂcÖ LUKwB lwËM dw kyxZiËZw Zw xgþôtKkI gËU! ÌKddw, ogêgøwey kgyëbÛdwËak exkxPxZ pËâQ GKRd ‘BDxdhwoêwxlÄ' gøx£ß iwdÖn xpËoËg„ ÌoLwËd xK KËk xZxd bwdg oiwRZwxìèK kwxmtwk AwbËmê xgmðwoy gw AdÖeÞwYyZ Ìpwd?
GKRd Kxg-owxpxZøK ÌKwËdwhwËgB oiwR, bmêd, kwRdyxZ Zaw iwdgËMwÅyk xdtËik gwBËk dt„ oÖZkwv oiwËRk dwdwxgc AwdëbwdÖÅwd, bÖ:L-ÌKõm Ggv ohøZwk eËq-xgeËq jÖx£ß ZËKê AvmMÞpY gw gRêd GKRd Kxg owxpxZøËKk eËq AZøìæ þñwhwxgK NUdw„
kwRdyxZ gw AËdøk iZwbËmê xgmðwoy pItw GKRd iwdÖËnk eËq LÖgB þñwhwxgK„ ÌKddw iwdÖn iw¢B ‘Delx³k' M ewt„ Kxg-owxpxZøKI iwdÖn„ oiwR, bmêd I kwRdyxZk M ewItw Zwk eËq ÌKwËdw ÌbwËnk xKQÖ dt„ xgex£ ÌZw GLwËdB„ Aaêwu, ÌKwËdw ÌbËmk oiwR, bmêd I kwRdyxZ oóeËKê Rwdw gw šwdwRêd Kkw, Awk ÌKwËdw xgËbmy ÌbËmk xdxëbZ bmêd gw iZwbËmê xgmðwoy pËt Kli ckw GK Kaw dt„ ZwI Awgwk ‘kgyëbÛdwa'! id Ìj xgmðwo KkËZ Pwt dw„ ZwpËl ‘gkyëbÛdwËak AwìæRêwxZK xPìæw'-MÞËìÿ xPËdôwpd Ìopxdgwm KyhwËg gËld, “exúPËik Dek Awþÿw dÄ pgwk ek kgyëbÛdwËak xPìæwRMËZ Ìbbyeøiwd pËt DxbZ pËtxQËlw ÌowxhËtZ kwxmtw„ kgyëbÛdwa ogËmËn GKUw xgKËùek Awhwo ÌeËld ÌowxhËtËZk iËcø ...Z^wk oiMÞ xPìæwËoÛwËZk xdmwdw xQËlw ÌKwd xbËK, ZwËZ Awk ÌKwd AþeÄZw ÌdB„”
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kgyëbÛdwa VwK×k
1400 owl
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AwxR pËZ mZ gnê eËk
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pÕbt þeëbËd Zg, ¸ik †™kËY dg
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e^xPËm ÑgmwL
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mÔdøeÞwY e^xPËm ÑgmwL €
SËrk Dbw£ oÖËk gdwdyk xdRyêg mwLwËZ
xeŠl, cÔok, kÕq, gRÛ-bÙs ÑgmwLy ewLwËZ
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WwK xbËt xfËk ÌMËQ
pZwmðwo e^xPËm ÑgmwL €
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